Academic Papers
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What is Feline Diabetes Mellitus?
- Rand JS, et al., Canine and Feline Diabetes Mellitus: Nature or Nurture? The Journal of Nutrition, 2004. Volume 134, pp. 2072S–2080S.
- Rios, Lori & Ward, Cynthia R., Feline Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology and Risk Factors. Compendium, December 2008. Volume 30, No. 12.
- Niessen SJM, Powney S, Guitian J, Niessen APM, Pion PD, Shaw JAM & Church DB, Evaluation of a Quality-of-Life Tool for Cats with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2010; Volume 24, pp. 1098–1105.
Practical Management
- Sparkes, Andrew H; Cannon, Martha; Church, David; Fleeman, Linda; Harvey, Andrea; Hoenig, Margarethe; Peterson,
Mark E; Reusch, Claudia E; Taylor, Samantha; & Rosenberg, Dan. ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Practical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats (download the pdf version). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2015; Volume 17, pp. 235–250.
Remission
- Marshall, RD & Rand, JS. Insulin glargine and a high protein-low carbohydrate diet are associated with high remission rates in newly diagnosed diabetic cats. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), #63, 24, 2004.
- Marshall RD, Rand JS & Morton JM. Treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic cats with glargine insulin improves glycaemic control and results in higher probability of remission than protamine zinc and lente insulins. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, August 2009, Volume 11, No. 8. pp. 683-691. Epub 2009 June 18.
- Reusch CE, Hafner M, Tschuor F, et al. Diabetes remission in cats: a review. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 2011. Volume 153, pp. 495–500.
- N.S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl, S. Kley, F. Tschuor, E. Zini, S. Ohlerth, F.S. Boretti & C.E. Reusch. Remission of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats with Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Volume 22, Issue 6, pp. 1326–1332, November–December 2008.
- Tschuor F, Zini E, Schellenberg S, et al. Remission of diabetes mellitus in cats cannot be predicted by the arginine stimulation test. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2011. Volume 25, pp. 83–89.
Diet
- Bennett N, et al., Comparison of a low carbohydrate-low fiber diet and a moderate carbohydrate-high fiber diet in the management of feline diabetes mellitus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 8, No. 2. pp. 73–84, April 2006.
- Burns, Kara M., Nutrition Know-How: Kibble Versus Canned: Which Is Best for Cats? Veterinary Technician, Volume 32, No. 1, January 2011.
- Greco, D, Dietary recommendations for cats with DM. Transcribed notes of Rebecca Price MD based on lectures given by Deborah Greco DVM at the MVMA Seminar in Telluride, Colorado, March 2005.
- Hodgkins, E, Feline diabetes and obesity: The preventable epidemics.
- Hoenig, M., Thomaseth K., Waldron M., Ferguson D.C., Insulin Sensitivity, Fat Distribution and Adipocytokine Response to Different Diets in Lean, and Obese Cats Before and After Weight Loss. American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 292(1), R227–34, August 2006.
- Kirk, CA, Feline diabetes mellitus: low carbohydrates versus high fiber? The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice, November 2006. Volume 36, No. 6, pp. 1297–1306.
- Pierson, LA, Feline diabetes and diet: The high carbohydrate culprit.
- Robertson, PR, Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 279, No. 41, pp. 42351–4, 8 October 2004.
- Smart, ME, Mills, JA & Haggart, C. Pet Food Industry and Nutrition: A Necessary Review For Veterinarians. First published on the Veterinary Information Network 2007, updated March 13, 2011.
- Stogdale, L & Diehl, G, In support of bones and raw food diets. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, October 2003. Volume 44, No. 10. p. 783.
- Zoran, DL, The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, December 2002. Volume 221, No. 11. pp. 1559–1567.
- Zoran DL, Buffington CA. Effects of nutrition choices and lifestyle changes on the well-being of cats, a carnivore that has moved indoors. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2011, Volume 239, pp. 596–606.
- Cat Food – Nutritional Composition, Data compiled by Lisa A. Pierson, DVM. Typical nutrient analysis data provided by the respective companies. Wet only – no dry food is listed. 2017.
Insulin
- Norsworthy, Gary, Lynn, Randy & Cole, Cynthia, Preliminary Study of Protamine Zinc Recombinant Insulin for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats, Veterinary Therapeutics, Volume 10, No. 1–2, Spring–Summer 2009.
- Article modified October 2008 from: Rand JS, Marshall R Feline diabetes mellitus: what diet should I choose and how do I manage problem cats. Proceedings of the American college of Veterinary internal medicine forum, May 2006 Kentucky, USA.
- Roomp K & Rand JS, Intensive blood glucose control is safe and effective in diabetic cats using home monitoring and treatment with glargine. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 11, No. 8. Pages 668–682, 2009.
Oral medications
- Cowan, Sara M. & Bunch, Susan E., Oral Antidiabetic Drugs for Cats. Compendium, July, 2001. Volume 23, No. 7.
- Bree, Laura., Breakthrough Veterinary Drug Senvelgo (Velagliflozin) expected to revolutionise the treatment of Feline Diabetes Mellitus in the United Kingdom, British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA), 29 January 2024.
- Gottlieb, Susan & Rand, Jacquie, Managing feline diabetes: current perspectives, Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 2018. Volume 9, pp. 33–42.
Home Testing and Blood Glucose Meters
- Cohen M, Boyle E, Delaney C & Shaw J. A comparison of blood glucose meters in Australia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, March 2006. Volume 71, Issue 2, pp. 113–118.
- Dietiker-Moretti S, Muller C, Sieber-Ruckstuhl N, et al. Comparison of a continuous glucose monitoring system with a portable blood glucose meter to determine insulin dose in cats with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2011. Volume 25, pp. 1084–1088.
- Roomp K & Rand JS, Intensive blood glucose control is safe and effective in diabetic cats using home monitoring and treatment with glargine. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2009. Volume 11, No. 8. pp. 668–682.
- Hodgkins, E, DVM, Protocol for success in managing, even curing, feline diabetes. Feline Diabetes website, 2004.
- Wiedmeyer CE, DeClue AE. Glucose monitoring in diabetic dogs and cats: adapting new technology for home and hospital care. Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 2011. Volume 31, pp. 41–50.
Ketones
- Marcille, JA, ed., The importance of blood ketone testing in diabetes management. Managed Care Supplement, Volume 13, No. 4, April 2004. Based on an online conference, 17 December, 2003.
- Schermerhorn, T, Understanding diabetic ketoacidosis. World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Conference Proceedings, 11–14 May 2005.
- Tabor, Brandy, Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Veterinary Technician. February 2011 Volume 32, No. 2.
- Weingart, C, Lotz, F & Kohn, B, Validation of a portable hand-held whole-blood ketone meter for use in cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Volume 41, Issue 1, March 2012, pp. 114–118.
Risk Factors
- Kley S, Hoenig M, Glushka J, Jin ES, Burgess SC, Waldron M, Jordan ET, Prestegard JH, Ferguson DC, Wu S & Olson DE. The impact of obesity, sex, and diet on hepatic glucose production in cats. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Volume 296, No. 4, R936-R943, 2009. First published 1 April 2009.
- McCann TM, Simpson KE, Shaw DJ, Butt JA & Gunn-Moore DA, Feline diabetes mellitus in the UK: the prevalence within an insured cat population and a questionnaire-based putative risk factor analysis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 9(4), August 2007, pp. 289–99 (Epub 2007 Mar 27).
Other
- Fletcher JM, Behrend EN, Welles EG, et al. Glucose detection and concentration estimation in feline urine samples with the Bayer Multistix and Purina Glucotest. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2011. Volume 13, pp. 705–711.
- Roomp, Kirsten and Rand, Jacquie, Intensive blood glucose control is safe and effective in diabetic cats using home monitoring and treatment with glargine. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2009, 11 8: 668-682. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2009.04.010
